陵寝：
Shunling Tomb: A Window to the Past

Located beneath the towering mountains in the southwest of Zhutangshan in Nanjing city's southern suburbs, Shunling Tomb is the final resting place of Li Jing, the last emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty in China. In 1950-1951, the Nanjing Museum conducted scientific excavations of the site, and in 1988, it was designated as a third-class national key cultural relics protection unit.

Shunling Tomb was built to the west of Qinyin Tomb, Li Jing's father. The tomb has three main rooms, including the front room, the middle room, and the rear room, along with eight side rooms, all built of bricks. Unlike Qinyin Tomb, there are no carved reliefs of double dragons or warriors at the entrance of the rear room. Instead, a depiction of celestial bodies on the wall of the rear room is the only remarkable ornamentation. The lack of geographical engravings on the ground and dragon-shaped reliefs on the coffin reflects that the Southern Tang Dynasty was declining, and Li Jing subordinated to the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

During the era of the Southern Tang Dynasty, the economy, culture, and military power were all in their prime, and great emphasis was placed on mausoleum construction. The construction of Shunling Tomb demonstrated the grandeur of the dynasty's craftsmanship in building tombs. The tomb is a perfect illustration of the cultural and historical progress of the southern region of the Yangtze River.

The excavation of Shunling Tomb has revealed numerous precious cultural and historical relics, including pottery and porcelain wares, bronze wares, jade, lacquer wares, and silk fabrics. These relics provide invaluable insights into the Southern Tang Dynasty's history, social customs, and artistic culture.

In conclusion, the excavation of Shunling Tomb has shed light on the cultural and historical heritage of the Southern Tang Dynasty. It is an enduring legacy of the dynasty's greatness and a significant contribution to the understanding and appreciation of China's rich cultural history.钦陵是明朝景泰年间建造的一座皇陵，被誉为明代陵墓中的“五龙之首”，而去帝号改国主后的墓葬则显得寒酸许多。虽然陵墓的主体结构并未改变，但去帝号改国主后的墓室内的装饰却不如之前豪华。据考证，此陵墓的主室内曾经有“飞觥流俎”、“歌舞升平”等题材的彩画，现已经大多消失不见。此外，在墓主人的下葬之后，陵墓中的随葬品也相对简陋了许多，其中陶俑和玉哀册是主要的随葬品种。不过，与钦陵相比，其质量和品种上都有所逊色。不过幸好，此陵墓三间主室的壁面仍有砖结构的仿木梁、枋，柱和斗拱式样，其上绘有牡丹和卷草等彩画，虽然经历了多年的风雨侵蚀，但还是能够看到一些痕迹。这样的遗迹，也成为了历史的见证，让人们能够想象和了解明代朝廷的陵墓建筑和装饰风格。

李璟简介： 李璟（916年－961年8月12日），五代十国时期南唐第二位皇帝。他于943年继位，成为南唐国君。然而，在后周的威胁下，他在955年被迫削去帝号，改称国主，史称南唐中主。李璟即位后开始大规模对外用兵，消灭了楚、闽两国，使南唐的疆土范围达到历史最大。但是，他奢侈无度，导致政治腐败和国力下降。李璟好读书，多才艺，常与宠臣韩熙载、冯延巳等饮宴赋诗。他的词曲感情真挚，风格清新，语言不事雕琢，“小楼吹彻玉笙寒”更是流传千古的名句。 李璟的出生时间可以追溯到916年。他于961年逝世，时年47岁。南唐朝廷为其追尊庙号为“元宗”，谥号为“明道崇德文宣孝皇帝”。他的诗词被收录于《南唐二主词》中，为后人所传颂。